KAZAN', RUSSIA

Average Temperature

Years on Record: 193

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
F		38		8.5		10.2		21		38.9		54.5		63.3		67.3		63.4		52.1		38.8		25.2		13.1

Average High Temperature

Years on Record: 30

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
F		47.7		19		19.9		31.6		50.4		66.2		74.3		77.9		73.2		61.3		46.6		30.2		21.6

Average Low Temperature

Years on Record: 30

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
F		33.6		7.7		8.1		18.9		34.9		46.8		55.9		59.9		55.9		46.8		36		21.9		11.5

Highest Recorded Temperature

Years on Record: 30

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
F		102.2		40.1		41.4		57.2		85.1		92.3		99.5		102		102.2		90.1		74.1		59		43

Lowest Recorded Temperature

Years on Record: 30

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
F		-52.2		-52.2		-39.8		-25.1		-14.1		20.3		29.5		36.7		34.9		22.3		-10.1		-33.9		-47

Average Number of Days Above 70F/21C

Years on Record: 18

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
Days		73		---		---		---		1		11		18		23		16		4		---		---		---

Average Number of Days Above 60F/15C

Years on Record: 18

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
Days		73		---		---		---		5		21		27		30		26		14		2		---		---

Average Number of Days Below 32F/0C

Years on Record: 18

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
Days		176		31		28		29		13		1		---		---		---		1		15		27		31

Average Number of Days Below 0F/-17C

Years on Record: 18

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
Days		32		13		9		3		---		---		---		---		---		---		---		1		7

Average Precipitation

Years on Record: 161

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
in.		17.6		0.8		0.7		0.8		1.1		1.5		2.3		2.5		2.3		1.8		1.6		1.2		1

Average Number of Days With Sleet

Years on Record: 30

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
Days		10		2		1		1		0.2		---		---		---		---		---		0.4		2		3

Most Reported Precipitation in a Month

Years on Record: 30

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
in		31.7		2.9		3.3		3		3.9		4.5		8.5		6.3		6		5.3		5.6		4.3		6

Least Reported Precipitation in a Month

Years on Record: 30

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
in		10.4		0.1		---		0.1		---		---		0.1		0.2		---		0.2		---		0.2		0.2

Most Precipitation Reported in a Day

Years on Record: 30

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
in		4.8		1		0.7		1.1		3.1		2.3		3		4.8		2.4		4		1.8		1.3		1.6

Average Number of Rainy Days

Years on Record: 30

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
Days		130		3		3		4		11		14		17		15		15		17		16		10		5

Average Number of Days With Thunderstorms

Years on Record: 30

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
Days		28		---		---		---		1		3		8		9		6		1		---		0.1		---

Average No. of Days With Freezing Rain

Years on Record: 30

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
Days		9		2		2		1		---		---		---		---		---		---		---		1		3

Most Rain Reported in a Month

Years on Record: 161

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
in.		31.7		2.7		3.3		3		3.9		4.5		8.5		6.3		6		5.3		4.1		4.2		3.2

Least Recorded Rainfall

Years on Record: 161

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
in.		9.9		0.1		---		0.1		---		---		0.4		0.1		---		0.2		---		0.1		---

Average Number of Days With Snow

Years on Record: 30

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
Days		119		25		22		15		5		1		---		---		---		1		7		19		24

Average Snow Cover

Years on Record: 30

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
in		---		11.8		16.5		17.3		3.5		---		---		---		---		---		---		2		6.3

Deepest Snow Cover Reported

Years on Record: 30

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
in		59.1		48.8		48		54.7		59.1		3.1		---		---		---		---		9.8		11.4		22.8

Avg. No. of Days w/Snowfall Above 10in/25cm

Years on Record: 30

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
Days		33		9		8		4		1		---		---		---		---		---		0.2		3		8

Av. # of Days w/Snow Depth Above 0.4in/10mm

Years on Record: 30

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
Days		154		31		28		31		11		---		---		---		---		---		2		20		30

Average Relative Humidity

Years on Record: 30

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
%		75		84		81		79		68		59		59		68		71		75		81		86		85

Average Morning Relative Humidity

Years on Record: 16

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
%		85		86		86		88		83		74		79		84		87		89		90		89		86

Average Evening Relative Humidity

Years on Record: 17

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
%		68		83		80		75		62		45		53		55		56		63		74		85		84

Average Dew Point

Years on Record: 17

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
F		31		6		8		18		32		40		51		56		52		44		32		22		12

Heating Degree Days

Years on Record: 30

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
Days		8956		1601.2		1440.8		1232.3		670.5		263.5		---		---		14		328.5		734.7		1168.5		1502

Cooling Degree Days

Years on Record: 30

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
Days		123.9		---		---		---		---		---		3		120.9		---		---		---		---		---

Growing Degree Days

Years on Record: 30

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
Days		1813		---		---		---		---		201.5		453		585.9		451.1		121.5		---		---		---

Average Station Pressure

Years on Record: 48

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
inHg		29.5		29.6		29.7		29.7		29.6		29.6		29.5		29.4		29.5		29.6		29.6		29.7		29

Average Vapor Pressure

Years on Record: 83

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
inHg		0.2		0.1		0.1		0.1		0.2		0.3		0.4		0.4		0.4		0.3		0.2		0.1		0.1

Average Length of Day

Years on Record: 30

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
Hours		13.1		8.5		10.3		12.5		14.9		17.2		18.5		17.8		15.7		13.3		11		9		7.9

Average Monthly Sunshine

Years on Record: 50

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
Hours		1915.6		42		80.3		145.2		209.8		282.3		296.6		306.1		249.1		158.1		83.1		37.4		25.7

Average Number of Days With Fog

Years on Record: 30

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
Days		25		2		2		3		3		0.3		1		1		1		2		3		4		3

Average Number of Clear Days

Years on Record: 30

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
Days		30		1		3		5		4		3		2		3		3		2		2		1		1

Average Number of Cloudy Days

Years on Record: 30

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
Days		150		20		14		12		9		8		7		6		7		11		17		20		19

Average Number of Partly Cloudy Days

Years on Record: 30

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
Days		185		10		11		14		17		20		21		22		21		17		12		9		11

Average Number of Days With Smoke/Haze

Years on Record: 30

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
Days		0.3		---		---		---		---		---		---		---		0.2		---		---		---		---

Average Wind Speed

Years on Record: 30

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
mph		8.5		9.8		9.4		8.9		8.5		8.5		8.5		6.5		7		7.8		8.9		9.4		9.6

Average No. of Days With Blowing Dust/Sand

Years on Record: 30

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
Days		0.1		---		---		---		---		---		---		0.1		---		---		---		---		---

Average Daily Solar Radiation - Global

Years on Record: 22

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
kWh/m2		3		0.6		1.4		2.7		4.2		5.3		5.8		5.6		4.3		2.7		1.4		0.8		0.5

Average Daily Solar Radiation - Diffuse

Years on Record: 22

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
kWh/m2		1.5		0.4		0.9		1.5		2		2.6		2.8		2.6		2.2		1.5		0.9		0.5		0.3

Average Daily Solar Radiation - Reflected

Years on Record: 22

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
kWh/m2		3.3		1.5		2.6		3.8		4.7		4.9		5		4.9		4.4		3.2		2.1		1.6		1.2

Average Daily Solar Radiation - Direct

Years on Record: 22

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
kWh/m2		3.2		1.3		2.2		3.3		4.7		5.2		5.6		5.5		4.2		2.9		1.8		1.4		1.1

Maximum Daily Solar Radiation - Global

Years on Record: 22

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
kWh/m2		3		0.6		1.4		2.7		4.2		5.3		5.8		5.6		4.3		2.7		1.4		0.8		0.5

Maximum Daily Solar Radiation - Diffuse

Years on Record: 22

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
kWh/m2		1.6		0.5		1		1.6		2.1		2.6		2.8		2.6		2.2		1.6		1.1		0.6		0.3

Maximum Daily Solar Radiation - Reflected

Years on Record: 22

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
kWh/m2		4.1		1.8		3.5		4.6		5.5		5.7		6		5.8		5.3		4.2		3.2		2.1		1.4

Maximum Daily Solar Radiation - Direct

Years on Record: 22

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
kWh/m2		4.4		1.5		3.1		4.1		5.9		6.6		7.8		7.2		5.8		4.1		3		1.9		1.2

Minimum Daily Solar Radiation - Global

Years on Record: 22

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
kWh/m2		2.4		0.5		1.1		2.2		3.7		4.6		4.3		4.4		3.7		2.2		1.1		0.6		0.4

Minimum Daily Solar Radiation - Diffuse

Years on Record: 22

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
kWh/m2		1.5		0.4		0.7		1.4		2		2.6		2.7		2.6		2.2		1.4		0.7		0.4		0.3

Minimum Daily Solar Radiation - Reflected

Years on Record: 22

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
kWh/m2		2.6		1.2		1.8		3		3.9		4.2		3.8		3.8		3.6		2.5		1.4		1		1.1

Minimum Daily Solar Radiation - Direct

Years on Record: 22

		ANNUAL		JAN		FEB		MAR		APR		MAY		JUN		JUL		AUG		SEP		OCT		NOV		DEC
kWh/m2		2.2		1		1.4		2.3		3.5		3.7		3		3.3		3		1.9		1.1		0.8		1